Unit 9 The Present Tense

                              THE  PRESENT  TENSE

The Present Tense  =  situasi saat ini, sekarang

No	Tenses	Uses	Formula
1.	Simple Present	-a habitual activity at present -general truth	Subj + Verb 1
2.	Present Perfect	-the repetition of an activity before now -an activity that happened before now at an unspecified time in the past. The exact time it happened is NOT important [If we wish to mention the exact time for an action, we use the simple past tense].	Subj + has  + Verb 3            have
3.	Present Continuous	-description in the present -an activity that is in progress at the moment of speaking	Subj + is   + Verb-ING            am            are
4.	Present Perfect Continuous	-the duration of an activity that began in the past and continues to the present, usually used with for and since -a general activity in progress recently, lately	Subj + has + been + Verb-ING            have

I	am	Adv.of time Adv.of place Adjective Complement Verb-ing
He She It	is
You You We They	are

He She It	has
I You You We They	have

                                

Simple Present in Negative [ - ] :                                      Simple present in Interrogative [ ? ]:

He She It	does	NOT	Verb 1
I You You We They	do

Does	he she it	Verb 1	?
Do	I you you we they

Examples:

1a. The world is round

  b. Does water consist of hydrogen and oxygen?   Yes, it does.

  c.  We don’t swim on Saturday, but on Sunday.  

2a. They haven’t moved into a new apartment.

  b. Have you already seen ‘Laskar Pelangi?  No, I haven’t

  c. Mr. Halimi has met many people since he came here in May.

3a. I am taking five courses this semester

  b. Bu Aryati Virna is not writing another book this year

  c. What are they trying to improve?

4a. Pak Tata Basari has been watching TV since nine o’clock this morning.

  b. Few students haven’t been studying hard

  c. Has bu Suyinah Santosa been doing a lot of work on her thesis?  Yes, she has. 

                                                                                           

Stative Verbs = verbs of a state of being: sensory perception, mental perception, emotion,

                           measurement, and relationship.  It is rarely used in the progressive

[kata kerja yang menggambarkan kondisi tertentu dari yang bersangkutan.  Kata kerja yang menggambarkan kondisi mental/kejiwaan, emosi.  Kata kerja ini sangat jarang dipergunakan dalam bentuk progresif/sedang berlangsung]

appreciate [menghargai] believe [percaya] belong [memiliki care [peduli] dislike [tidak menyukai] doubt [ragu-ragu] forget [lupa] hate [tidak suka] imagine [membayangkan] know [mengetahui] like [menyukai] love [menyukai] mean bermaksud] mind berkeberatan] need membutuhkan] own [memiliki] prefer [lebih menyukai] possess [memiliki] realize [menyadari] recognize [mengenali] remember [ingat] seem [terlihat] suppose [menduga] understand [memahami] want [ingin]

We appreciate your coming He believes in what he’s doing I belong to many clubs The citizens care about their community We dislike unpleasant chores They doubt they can come Don’t forget to leave your number I’ve hated to get out of bed all my life I imagined I would succeed, and I did They have known the secret for some time We would like to go to The children love ice cream They meant to start earlier Would you mind shutting the door? They need all the help they can get I own an old model car She would have preferred to go alone Whatever possessed you? They realized their mistakes too late Do you recognize me? I remember when you first came to the office They seem to enjoy themselves I suppose you are wondering who I am We understand what you say, but not what you mean We’ve wanted to quit since the day we started

Simple Present
Present Action or Condition	General Truths	Non-action; Habitual Action	Future Time
·         I hear you. ·         Here comes the bus.	·         There are thirty days in September.	·         I like music. ·         I run on Tuesdays and Sundays.	·         The train leaves at 4:00 p.m.

John drives a taxi.
past	Present	Future
It is John's job to drive a taxi. He does it every day. Past, present and future.

Am I right? Anton is not at home. You are happy.
Past	present	Future
The situation is now.

I am not fat. Why are you so beautiful? Ram is tall.
Past	present	Future
The situation is general. Past, present and future.

Present Progressive
Activity in Progress	Verbs of Perception
·         I am playing soccer now	·         He is feeling sad

Present Perfect
With verbs of state that begin in the past and lead up to and include the present	To express habitual or continued action	With events occurring at an indefinite or unspecified time in the past -- with ever, never, before
·         He has lived here for many years.	·         He has worn glasses all his life.	·         Have you ever been to Tokyo before?

Present Perfect Progressive

To express duration of an action that began in the past, has continued into the present, and may continue into the future

·         Pak Sukanda has been working for two hours, and he hasn't finished yet.

  Assignment 1

Use the Simple Past or the Present Perfect in the following

1. Last January I …[see] snow for the first time in my life.

2. Si Fulan, try not to be absent from class again for the rest of the term. You …[miss, already] too

     many classes.  You …[miss] two classes just last week.

3. So far this week, I …[have] two tests and a quiz.

4. Bu Pipih Karmila …[be] here since 9a.m..

5. Bu Mutiara Oliviana …[arrive] here four days ago.

Assignment 2

Use the Present Perfect or the Present Perfect Continuous in the following.

1. I …[write] them three times but I still haven’t received a reply.

2. The little boy is dirty from head to foot because he …[play] in the mud.

3. The telephone …[ring] for almost a minute.  Why doesn’t someone answer it?

4. I …[live] here since last March.                                                                                                                                           

5. We …[have] three major snowstorms so far this winter.  I wonder how many more we will have.

Assignment 3

Error Recognition.

1. Bu Wiwin Kartika have gone in a few minutes.

                                         A       B    C          D

2. They have been visited their uncle’s house.

       A     B        C         D

3. Has bu Septha Sri reads this novel already?

      A                               B           C              D

4. Has pak Susan Setiawan and pak Sutisna left for Jakarta?

     A                      B                                                C    D

5. Every student have finished doing the test.

              A                B        C           D

6. The broker is making telephone calls in the mornings and attends meetings in the afternoon.

                            A                                  B                                   C                                  D

7. I am recognizing the president of the company from his picture.

               A                                           B                           C               D

8. The clerk checks the figures right now so the report will be ready by 5:00p.m.

                          A                                             B                       C                    D                                 

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The winner sees an answer for problems, the loser sees a problem in every answer