PARALLEL/ELLIPTICAL CONSTRUCTION
Elliptical Construction =
Susunan kalimat eliptis [majemuk bermakna ulang/repeating idea dengan menghilangkan beberapa bagian kalimat yang
sudah dapat dipahami].
Coordinating/Subordinating
Conjunctions [konjungsi/kata gabung] is usually used in Parallel Construction:
I.
and, but, or, if, although
- Pak Arif Purnama writes and he sings a song. [subj + subj]
- Although
the
man is very old, Pak Johnson still works hard.
- You take it or you leave it.
- Pak Johnson is old but he is strong.
5.
The servant has
washed the plates and washed
the glasses. [verb + verb]
- Bu Meysiska may stay if she wants to stay.
- My brother and my sister go
swimming. [possessive adj + possessive adj]
- Bu Ririn Wuriani ever
stayed in Surabaya and in
Bandung.
[prep + prep]
- Si Fulan failed because
he never studied and because
he often came late. [conj + conj]
- Is it an expensive car
or a cheap car? [noun + noun]
- There are many boys and many
girls in this room.
Note:
but is a
conjunction used to express a difference, added statement, and exception.
-Bu Aryati Virna eats nothing but hamburgers.
-Everybody is here but Tommy.
-The naughty boy does nothing but watch TV.
except [=but] is
a preposition or conjunction to say ‘not including’.
-All the students can’t do anything except wait.
-Irwan does nothing except eat all day.
-Everybody in the room understands except me.
-I’ve cleaned all the rooms except for the bathroom.
although / even though [to emphasize a contrast] / though is a conjunction to show contrast between two clauses or
two sentences. though is used more
in [informal] spoken than in written English. You can use although, even though
and though at the beginning of a
sentence or clause that has a verb. Notice where the commas go.
-Although/Even
though/Though everyone played well, we lost the game.
-We lost the game, although / even though / though everyone played well.
You cannot use even on its own at the beginning of a
sentence or clause instead of although,
even though or though: Even
everyone played well, we lost the game.
II. and … too,
and so… [use auxiliary verbs in positive sentences]
- Pak Dewan Firman likes swimming. I like swimming.
Pak
Dewan Firman likes swimming and I do, too.
Pak
Dewan Firman likes swimming and so do I.
- Pak Aan Djumhana has read this novel. You have read this novel.
Pak
Aan Djumhana has read this novel and you have, too.
Pak
Aan Djumhana has read this novel and so have you.
- Pak Ari Anggaria went to Jakarta two days
ago. Pak Eli went to Jakarta two
days ago.
Pak Ari Anggaria went to Jakarta two days ago and pak Eli did, too.
Pak Ari Anggaria went to Jakarta two days ago and so did pak Eli.
III.
and neither …, and …either [use auxiliary
verbs in negative sentences]
- Bu Giati doesn’t go to the party. We don’t go to the party.
Bu Giati doesn’t go to the party and neither do we.
Bu Giati doesn’t go to the party and we don’t either.
2.
You haven’t got
the mail. Pak Bachrudin hasn’t got the
mail.
You haven’t got the mail and neither has Pak Bachrudin.
You haven’t got the mail and Pak Bachrudin hasn’t
either.
3. Tuti is not beautiful. Her younger sister is not beautiful.
Tuti is not beautiful and neither is her younger sister.
Tuti is not beautiful and her younger sister isn’t
either.
IV. both…and…/ not only…but also …/ either…or…/ neither…nor…
1. Pak Dedi Mulyana is here. Bu Luli Kamalia is here.
’ Both pak Dedi Mulyana and bu Luli Kamalia are here […both + Noun and Noun …]
’ Not only pak Dedi Mulyana but
also bu Luli Kamalia is
here.
’ Not only Susan
but also her parents are here
3. Susan is either
French or Spanish. [..either...or...= used to
show a choice of two alternatives]
I left this
dictionary either on the table or in the drawer.
You can either write or phone to order a copy.
4a. I don’t know what happened to him. I don’t care what happened to him.
’I neither
know nor care what happened to
him. [...neither...nor...= used
to show ‘not...and not ..’]
b. The book is
not interesting. The book is not accurate.
’The book is neither
interesting nor accurate.
Assignment
1
Supply is or are in the following.
- Not only the teacher but also the students…
coming to the meeting.
- Either the students or the teacher … having some
lunch.
- Both the teacher and the student … in the Piket
room.
Assignment
2
Combine the following using appropriate
paired conjunctions:
both
… and … / not only … but also … / either
… or … / neither … nor …
and
neither……./ and …either/ and so… / and … too
- Budi is not in class today. Hasan is not in class today.
- Ronny enjoys horseback riding. Bob enjoys horseback riding.
- We can fix dinner for them here or we can take
them to a restaurant.
- The library does not have the book I need. The bookstore near my house does not
have the book I need.
- Pak Dian Hardiansyah can give you the information
or bu Priyani can give you the information.
Assignment
3
Parallel structure makes repeating the
same words unnecessary.
Combine the following using and
or but appropriately.
- Mr. Bambang Sobari is kind. Mr. Bambang Sobari is generous. Mr. Bambang Sobari is trustworthy.
- Please try to speak more loudy. Please try to speak more clearly.
- Pak Sudaryono would like to live in Bandung. Pak Sudaryono would not like to live in
Subang.
- Pak Otong Suryadi will open the door. Pak Otong Suryadi will close the door.
- Bu Popon Yani likes coffee. Bu Popon Yani doesn’t like tea.
Assignment
4
Incomplete Sentences
1. Ibu
Al Aeni’s work is both creative … accurate
A. but C.
and
B. or D.
nor
2. Bu Mayati likes to arrive
early or … to get her work done
A. is staying late C. stay late
B. stays late D.
staying late
3. Pak Heri Susanto will work
the morning shift, … he prefers to work in the evenings.
A. but C.
when
B. or D.
and
4. The usher allowed bu Dian
Indriani into the concert hall … he was late.
A. because C.
even though
B. yet D.
before
5. Syamsul : My friend, Si Fulan, doesn’t play
guitar well.
Donny :
…
A.
Either I don’t C. Neither don’t I
B.
I don’t neither D.
Neither do I
Assignment
5
Error recognition
1.
You can take a non-stop flight at 10:00a.m. and a direct flight at 2:00p.m.
A B C D
2. The
company is dedicated to product quality and customer satisfied.
A B C D
3. Tourist
maps but guidebooks are available at the corner newsstand
A B C D
4.
Students enjoy to see our facility and learning how
computer games are designed
A B C D
5. Pak
Ferri Setiadi could not see the speaker or he could hear the speaker clearly
A B C D
6. Bu
Awang hid the key to her desk before she locked the confidential
papers in it.
A B C D
– —
All things are
difficult before they are easy. When first we try to ride a bicycle, we are
quite sure that we shall never do anything but fall off; but as we go on
practising, the whole thing becomes so easy that we wonder why we ever had any
difficulty at all
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