GERUND
and INFINITIVE
I. Gerund =
kata kerja berakhiran –ING yang berfungsi sebagai kata benda
[membendakan kata kerja] atau keterangan kata benda [noun modifier]
Posisi Gerund:
A. sebagai subyek kalimat
- Swimming is my favorite sport
- Smoking is not good for health
B. sebagai objek kalimat
- I like reading
novel
C. sebagai keterangan
pelengkap [complement]
- My father’s hobby is collecting stamps.
D. sesudah kata depan
[prepositions]
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Preposition and Phrases of Location
|
|
above beneath far from near to over
across beside in next to to the left of
around between in back of on to the right
of
at by in front of on top of under
below close to inside outside underneath
|
- After finishing High School, he will enter university
- Thanks for coming.
Note:
-by is used for deadline [by 3:00] and for how
something was transmitted [by fax, by bus]
[by dipergunakan untuk
menjelaskan waktu dan bagaimana sesuatu berpindah tempat]
-with indicates the
instrument used [write with a pen, cut with a knife]
[with dipergunakan untuk menjelaskan alat bantu yang dipakai untuk mengerjakan
sesuatu]
E. sesudah keterangan
penghubung [Conjunctive Adverbs: when,
while, since, dll]
- When riding motor cycle, we must wear a helmet.
- While walking to school this morning, I met an
old friend –Ujang.
F. sesudah kata kerja tertentu [Certain Verbs]
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appreciate [menghargai]
avoid [menghindar]
consider [mempertimbangkan]
delay [menunda]
discuss [membicarakan
enjoy [menikmati]
finish [menyelesaikan]
mind
[berkeberatan]
miss
[menghindari, terlewat]
postpone
[menunda]
quit
[berhenti]
stop
[berhenti]
admit
[mengakui]
deny
[mengingkari]
practice
[berlatih]
suggest
[menyarankan]
keep
[menjaga]
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I
appreciate having the opportunity to speak
They
avoided looking us in the eye
We
considered staying longer
We
delayed writing you until we had more information
Have
you discussed working together on this project?
We
enjoyed having you for dinner
They
will finish correcting the report soon
She
minded using our toothbrush
We
miss going to the movies with you
Could
you postpone leaving?
He wants to quit smoking.
My father stops working next week.
Sorry, I admit stealing your money
They deny knowing anything about it
I practice swimming twice a week
We suggest leaving on time
Just keep smiling.
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G. dalam gabungan kata benda [compound noun]
dining-table,
waiting-room, racing-car, washing-machine, swimming-pool, walking-stick, etc.
-
The teacher is distributing writing-papers
to the students.
- The blind man must use a walking-stick.
H. sesudah kata ganti
kepemilikan [possessive adjective: my,
your, his, her, their, our]
- Your coming to her house made her happy.
II. Infinitive =
kata kerja dasar, baik tanpa ‘to’ [infinitive without to: read, play] ataupun
disertai ‘to’
[to infinitive: to
read, to play]
Posisi Infinitive:
A. sesudah kata kerja tertentu [certain verbs]
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agree [setuju]
attempt [[berusaha]
claim [berkeberatan]
decide [memutuskan]
demand [meminta]
fail [gagal]
hesitate [segan, ragu]
hope [berharap]
intend [bermaksud]
learn [belajar]
need [perlu]
offer [menawarkan]
plan [berencana]
prepare [mempersiapkan]
refuse [menolak]
seem [terlihat]
try [berusaha]
want [ingin]
promise [janji]
remember
forget
ask
expect
tell
remind
advice
permit
allow
require
order
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I agree to stay here
I attempt to get that novel
They claim us to come in the meeting room
She decides to buy a car
We demand him to come earlier
We fail to run the program
Don’t hesitate to tell the truth
I hope to see you soon
I hear they intend to marry
She learns to play piano
I need to buy some tomatoes
They offered to help us
They plan to visit Denpasar next month
Some students prepare to have examinations
I refuse to go with you
She seemed to be annoyed
We try hard to open the door
My sister wants to buy some ice cream
He promises to see a movie with me
Sorry, I don’t remember to call you
I forget to bring your radio
My father asks me to buy some cigarettes
They expect us to come on time
He told us to come inside
We remind you to study hard
I advice you to drive carefully
My mother permits me to go with Tina
We are not allowed to have pets in the dormitory
She required Ujang to go out
The policeman ordered me to stop
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B.
sebagai subyek kalimat
-To
ride with a drunk driver is dangerous.
-To
read magazines is my hobby.
C. sebagai
obyek kalimat
-It
is dangerous to ride with a drunk driver
-My
hobby is to read magazines.
III. Verbs followed by either Gerund or
Infinitive = kata kerja yang dapat
diikuti, baik oleh Gerund
maupun Infinitive.
begin,
start, continue, like, prefer, hate, intend, try
-It
began to rain
It began raining
-I like swimming
I like to swim
-I
would prefer staying home to hanging out
I would prefer
to stay home rather than to
hang out
Assignment 1
Put the verb in brackets into the correct form.
- Most people prefer …[ride] to …[walk]
- Pak Ari Anggaria has stopped …[drink] coffee before
breakfast.
- Did you notice …[she, read] my letter?
- Pak Dadang Hidayat loves …[swim] in the early
morning.
Assignment 2
Supply an appropriate form, Gerund or Infinitive of
the verb in brackets.
- Pak Farnaz Wiryawan decided …[stay] here over
vacation.
- We went for a walk after we finished …[clean]up
the kitchen.
- Students sometimes avoid …[look] at the teacher
if they don’t want …[answer].
- Did bu Yeyet Nurhayati agree [go]…[shop] with
you?
Assignment 3
Incomplete Sentences
1. The clerk intends … her supervisor’s
job in a few years
A. having C.
have
B. to have D.
will have
2. The company failed … a
profit last year.
A. make C.
making
B. made D.
to make
3. The committee postponed …
until tomorrow
A. to vote C.
vote
B. voted D.
voting
4. We did not want … the
meeting
A. to delay C.
delayed
B. delaying D.
delay
5. Pak Krisna Andriana is
preparing … his speech
A. give C.
given
B. giving D.
to give
Assignment 4
Error Recognition
1. Please stop to
cry and tell me what’s wrong!
A B C D
2. Remind me phoning
pak Thoha before I go out.
A B C D
3. I’m very sorry to
keep you to wait in a long time.
A
B C D
4. Although pak Alan
Syahrul could not attend, he appreciated to receive an invitation
A B C D
5. Bu Rizka Dwi intends taking
her vacation in September after the project is completed
A B C D
6. Pak Dedi Rukmana refuses planning
the banquet for the convention next month
A B C D
– —
The grand
essentials to happiness in this life are something to do, something to love,
and something to hope for. [Joseph Addison]
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