ADJECTIVE CLAUSE
When we think of an adjective, we usually think about a single word used before
a noun to modify its meanings [e.g., tall building, smelly cat,
argumentative assistant]. However, an adjective can also come in
the form of an adjective clause.
A clause is a
group of words containing a subject and a verb.
Adjective/relative clause is like ‘sentence inside
sentence’. ‘The job’ of adjective clause is to modify, describe, identify, and add more
information to a noun or a pronoun. There are only five dependent relative
pronouns which introduce adjective clauses: who, whom, whose,
which, that.
Here are some examples of adjective
clauses:
A. WHO [for humans in the subject position]
Ÿ Do you know pak
Green? He will be promoted as our new division manager.
subj.
® Do you know pak
Green who will be promoted as our new division manager?
main/independent clause subordinate/dependent/adjective
clause
® Do you know pak White, that
will be promoted as our new project engineer?
B. WHOM [humans in
the object position]
Ÿ Pak Green is
my new manager. You met him yesterday.
obj
® Pak Green whom
you met yesterday is my new manager.
® Pak Green that you met yesterday is my new manager.
C. THAT [for humans, animals and things,
in the subject or object position]
Ÿ I saw a dog. It was
running in front of my house.
® I saw a dog that
was running in front of my house.
® I saw a dog which
was running in front of my house.
Ÿ I have ever worked in PT.Jaya Motor as you can see in
my CV. My CV
is attached.
® I have ever worked in PT.Jaya Motor as you can see in
my CV
that is attached
® I have ever worked in PT.Jaya Motor as you can see in my CV
which is attached
D. WHICH [for things and animals in
the subject or object position]
Ÿ The brown
book is mine. It is in the drawer.
® The brown book which
is in the drawer is mine.
® The brown book that
is in the drawer is mine.
E. WHOSE [for humans, animals and things in
the subject or object position to show possession]
Ÿ Pak Agus
Rusdiana is the headmaster. I
respect his opinion.
® Pak Agus Rusdiana whose opinion
I respect is the headmaster.
Ÿ Budi is my
old-friend. His house is on the
corner of this street.
® Budi whose
house is on the corner of this street is my old-friend.
Ÿ Hasan writes
well. I read his novel.
® Hasan whose novel I read
writes well.
Turning Adjective Clauses into Phrases
An adjective clause with a subjective
pronoun - such as which, that or who - can also be shortened into a phrase. The relative pronouns are often omitted
[dihilangkan/dibuang], especially in informal style if that, who, or which
is used as the object of the verb in a defining adjective clause. It is called Omissible Object.
You can shorten an
adjective clause in two ways:
1. Omit the subject pronoun and verb.
a]
I have ever worked in PT.Jaya Motor as you can see in my CV. My CV is attached.
® I have ever worked in PT.Jaya Motor as you can see in
my CV
that is attached
® I have ever worked in PT.Jaya Motor as you can see in
my CV
attached.
b] The brown
book is mine. It is in the
drawer.
® The brown book
which is in the drawer is mine.
® The brown book
in the drawer is mine.
c] Mr.Black
is my new manager. You met him
yesterday.
® Mr.Black whom you met yesterday is my new
manager.
® Mr.Black you
met yesterday is my new manager.
2. Omit the subjective pronoun and change
the verb to the form ending in "ing."
a]
I saw a dog. It was running in front of my house.
® I saw a dog that was running in front of my house.
Adjective
Clause
® I saw a dog running in front of my house.
Adjective
Phrase
b] His share of the money was given to Budi
on Monday. It consists of $100,000,-
® His
share of the money, which consists of $100,000, was given to Budi on Monday.
® His share of the money, consisting of $100,000, was given to Budi on Monday.
c] Something
may be rotten. It smells bad.
® Something that smells bad may be rotten.
® Something smelling
bad may be rotten.
Assignment 1
Combine the sentences using the Adjective Clause.
- I know Tono.
He is talking to Mary.
- Bu Elis Nurhayati is wearing blue jacket right
now. Her cat died.
- The soup was too salty. I had it for lunch.
- Johnson is over there. I told you about him.
- Bu Al Aeni gives difficult tests. I failed her course.
Assignment 2
Divide the following into two simple sentences.
- The scientist whom we met yesterday is well-known
for her research.
- Did you hear about the earthquake that occurred
in Yogyakarta?
- The man whose opinions I respect most is my
father.
- The doctor who examined the sick child was very
gentle.
- That is the dictionary which I always use to
understand some literature.
Assignment 3
Incomplete Sentence
1. The wallet …was found in
the hall has been claimed.
A.
that it C.
that
B.
it D.
whose it
2. Pak Andi Setiawan … shares
this office is very good with computers
A. who C.
whose
B. he D.
his
3. The report … this process
is in the library.
A. it explains C.
who explains
B. explains D.
that explains
4. Pak Arie Yudhistira, …
starts tomorrow, has already left
A. whose vacation C. the vacation
B. his vacation D.
its vacation
5. A letter … is not properly
typed is hard to read.
A. which it C.
that it
B.
it D.
that
Assignment 4
Error Recognition
1. The woman who
she applied last week is the best candidate for the job
A B C D
2. The author, he
prefers to remain anonymous, has written an excellent book.
A B C D
3. The letter who was mailed
a month ago has never been received
A B C D
4. That building, its
architect is unknown, is a popular tourist attraction
A B C D
5. This chair, that
has been broken for weeks, must be repaired.
A B C D
– —
If you think you are adult enough to engage in adult activities, you are
adult enough to take responsibility for your behaviour.
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