THE PAST
TENSE
The Past Tense =
situasi lampau
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No
|
Tenses
|
Uses
|
Formula
|
|
1.
|
Simple
Past
|
-a
habitual activity in the past
|
Subj
+ Verb 2
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2.
|
Past
Perfect
|
-an
activity that was completed before another past activity happened
|
Subj
+ had + Verb 3
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3.
|
Past
Continuous
|
-description
in the past
-gradual
development in the past
|
Subj
+ was + Verb-ING
were
|
|
4.
|
Past
Perfect Continuous
|
-the
duration of an activity that was in progress when another activity happened
in the past
|
Subj
+ had been + Verb-ING
|
Some of IRREGULAR VERBS:
|
Verb 1
|
Verb 2
|
Verb 3
|
|
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become
begin
blow
buy
catch
choose
come
cut
drink
drive
eat
fall
fly
forget
get
give
go
hit
hurt
keep
know
make
pay
put
sing
take
wake
write
|
became
began
blew
bought
caught
chose
came
cut
drank
drove
ate
fell
flew
forgot
got
gave
went
hit
hurt
kept
knew
made
paid
put
sang
took
woke
wrote
|
become
begun
blown
bought
caught
chosen
come
cut
drunk
driven
eaten
fallen
flown
forgotten
got
given
gone
hit
hurt
kept
known
made
paid
put
sung
taken
woken
written
|
menjadi
mulai
meniup
membeli
menangkap
memilih
datang
memotong
minum
menyupir
makan
jatuh
terbang
melupakan
mendapat
mendapat
pergi
memukul
menyakiti
menyimpan
mengetahui
membuat
membayar
meletakkan
menyanyi
mengambil
bangun
menulis
|
|
I
He
She
It
|
was
|
Adv.of
time
Adv.of place
Adjective
Complement
Verb-ing
|
|
You
You
We
They
|
were
|
Simple Past
|
I
He
She
It
You
You
We
They
|
did
|
NOT
|
Verb 1
|
in
Negative
[ -
]
|
Did
|
I
he
she
it
you
you
we
they
|
Verb 1
|
?
|
Simple
Past in
Interro
gative
[ ? ]
Examples:
1a. I bought this car
last month.
b. How did you get your present
job?
c. Pak Heri Susanto didn’t drink
alcohol.
2a.
The train had departed when we came at the station.
b. Bu Dian Indriani had gone to the
concert when I called her.
c. Had pak Dodo Sudjana retired
and married? No, he hadn’t.
3a. What were you doing
in my room?
b. I was washing the car from four to
six
c. While bu Desi Wijayanti and bu Elis
Nurhayati were walking down the street, it began to rain.
4a. The patient had been
waiting in the emergency room for almost an hour before a doctor
finally
treated her.
b. Pak Cahla Ismanto hadn’t been reading
this novel for an hour when you came.
c. Had the police been looking
for the criminal for two years before they caught him?
Yes, they had.
Note:
1.
If a sentence
contains when and has the simple
tense in both clauses, the action in the ‘when
clause’ happens first. [Bila kalimat
memiliki konjungsi when dan kedua
klausa menggunakan the simple tense, maka aktifitas dalam klausa when yang pertama terjadi, disusul
aktifitas dalam klausa utama.
Eg. When bu Farida
Dahliana heard a strange noise, she
got up to investigate.
2.
Bentuk continuous dapat digunakan untuk
aktifitas yang terjadi lebih awal, sementara aktifitas lanjutannya menggunakan
bentuk the simple tense. Konjungsi when
di sini bermakna: at or during the time.
Eg. Pak
Cucu Kurniawan was reading a newspaper
when the phone rang
3.
Bentuk continuous digunakan bila dua aktifitas
terjadi secara bersamaan dengan menggunakan konjungsi while / as.
Eg. While
I was studying in one room of our
apartment, my roommate was having a party in the other room
|
Simple Past
|
|
|
Completed
Action |
Completed
Condition |
|
·
We visited the museum yesterday.
|
·
The weather was rainy last week.
|
|
Past Progressive/Continuous
|
|
|
Past
Action that took place over a period of time |
Past
Action interrupted by another |
|
·
They were climbing for twenty-seven days.
|
·
We were eating dinner when she told me.
|
|
Past Perfect
|
|
|
to
describe a past event or condition completed before another event in the past |
In
reported speech |
|
·
When I arrived home, he had already called.
|
·
Jane said that she had gone to the movies.
|
Assignment 1
Use the Simple Past or the Past Continuous in the
following
1. I
…[read] only two chapters last week.
2. I
…[read] a book last night when you called.
3. I
…[call] John at nine last night but he …[be, not] at home. He …[study] at the library.
4. I
…[have, almost] a car accident last night.
…[drive] down Jalan Surapati when suddenly
I…[see] a car in my lane. It …[come]right at my car. I …[step] on the brakes and
…[swerve] to the right. The other car …[miss, just] my car by about
an inch.
5.
Ten years ago, the government …[decide] to begin a food program. At that time, many
people in the rural areas of the country
…[starve] due to several years of drought.
Assignment 2
Use the Simple Past, the Past Perfect, the Past
Perfect Continuous, or the Present Perfect Continuous in the following.
1. Pak
Ferri Setiadi …[be] a newspaper reporter before he …[become] a businessman.
2. I
was late. Pak Bambang Sobari, the
teacher, …[give, already] a quiz when I … [get] to class.
3.
Yesterday at ‘Sapu Lidi’ restaurant, I …[see] pak Maman Suryaman, my old teacher
of SMK
Merdeka.
I …[see, not] him in years. At
first I …[recognize, not] him.
4.
It’s midnight. I …[study] for five straight hours. No wonder I’m getting tired.
5. Si
Fulan …[realize, suddenly] that the teacher was asking him a question. He
…[can, not]
answer because he …[daydream] for the last
ten minutes.
Assignment 3
Incomplete Sentences
1. The computer
program was running when bu Rini Sulistiowati finds a mistake in
the data.
A B C D
2. Bu Mega Kartika has
left on his vacation before pak Nana Suhana returned from
his trip.
A B C D
3. Bu Pipih Sopiah lived
in Sukabumi since 1997 to 2000 but she is now living in
Bandung.
A B
C D
4. Pak Purwanto bought yesterday
a new TV; however, he has yet to learn how to operate
the
A B C D
manual system
5. There was a
very interesting news on the television this morning about the
flood in Jakarta
A B C D
– —
The winner always has a program,
the loser always has an excuse
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