Rabu, 30 November 2016
English Tenses: How to use PRESENT PERFECT and PAST SIMPLE
English Tenses: How to use PRESENT PERFECT and PAST SIMPLE: Do you get confused using English tenses? In todays lesson, I teach you how and when to use the Present Perfect and Past Simple tenses. Its easy to confuse the two, and many English students make mistakes with these tenses. In this grammar lesson, you will learn how each one is used, how they are different from one another, and how to know which tense is correct for your sentence. English tenses can be difficult to master, but Ill teach you my quick and easy tips so that you can use these tenses correctly. Once you understand them, practice by taking my quiz.
Minggu, 06 November 2016
Unit 25 Letters
LETTERS
I. Parts of a Letter
*1 PT.Sekali Merdeka
Jl.Pahlawan
No.540 Ph/Fx. 022-7070707
===========================================================
*2 February 14, 2016
PT.Tetap
Merdeka *3
Jalan
Supratman No.440
Bandung
Attention:Mr.
White *4
Dear
Sir, *5
Subject:
Your Order No. 7676 *6
*7 Thank you very much for your letter of
February 3, and for your order No. 7676 which we have accepted on the term
you proposed.
We wish you, however, to understand
that this concession is exceptional and that future orders can be carried out
only on out trade terms.
We are enclosing our official
confirmation.
We shall be very grateful to
receive your continual orders.
*8 Very Sincerely
Yours,
Green Yellow
*9 Green Yellow
Business Manager
G:Y *10
Enclosure *11
cc.
Red Grey *12
|
Penjelasan:
1. The letter head/Heading = kop
surat
2. The date line = baris
tanggal
3. The inside address = alamat
dalam surat
4. The attention line = baris
untuk perhatian, kepada siapa surat
5. The salutation [salam
pembuka]
Singular
Plural
Gentlemen:
[firms consisting of men and women]
Ladies,
Dear Sir, : [individual man] Dear Sirs, [a
firm]
Sir,
Sirs,
Dear Madam [individuals known
personally] Dear
Mesdames
Madam,
Mesdames,
Dear
Mr.Black, [individuals known personally]
Dear Messrs. Black and White
[males]
Dear Mrs.Pink,
Dear Mmes. Pink and Blue
[females]
Note:
Messrs [mesJz] = used as the plural of ‘Mr’ before a list of
names and before names of business companies.
Messrs Smith, Brown and Jones / Messrs
T Brown and Co.
Ms = a title that comes before a woman’s
family name or before her first and family names together, and that
can be used when you do not
want to state whether she is married or not.
Ms Murphy / Ms Jean Murphy
6. The subject line = perihal
surat , sangat membantu mengetahui isi surat
7. The body of the letter = isi
surat
a. opening paragraph = alinea pembuka
b. body/message of the letter =pesan/isi surat
c. closing paragraph = alinea penutup
8. The complimentary close = salam penutup
Your Faithfully, Yours Sincerely, Very Truly
Yours, Very Cordially Yours,
Faithfully Yours, Sincerely Yours, Yours Very
Truly, Yours Very Cordially,
Yours
Very Sincerely, Yours Cordially,
Very Sincerely Yours, Cordially Yours,
9. The signature line = tanda
tangan
10. The identification
initials = huruf besar awal nama/inisial dari nama orang yang mendiktekan surat
mengetik surat
11. The enclosure = lampiran
Enc.
or Encl.
12. cc notation [carbon
copy] = salinan surat
Biasanya dicantumkan di bawah Enc.
13. bcc notation [blind
carbon copy]
Hanya tercantum pada salinan surat ketika penulis
mengirim salinannya pada orang lain tanpa ingin diketahui
penerima pertama surat
Note:
cc dan
bcc hanya ditulis pada salinan surat
14. P.S. [Postscript] = Bagian
dari surat yang terletak pada baris akhir surat
pesan khusus, singkat, penting, yang
terlupa tidak dicantumkan pada body of letter.
II. Styles of Letters
Jenis tata letak surat/lay
out:
1. Full Block Style [bentuk
lurus penuh]
aaaaaaaaaaa
aaaaaaaaaaa
aaa
aaaa
aaaa
aaaa
aaaaa
aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
aaaaa
aaa
aaa
|
2. Semi Block Style [bentuk
setengah lurus]
aaaaaaaaaaa
aaaaaaaaa
-----------------------------------------------------------
aaaaaaaaaaaa
aaaaaaaaa
aaaaaaaaa
aaaaaaaaa
aaaaaa
aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
aaaaaaaaaaa
aaaaaaaaa
aaaaaa
|
3. Blocked Style
aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
-----------------------------------------------------------
aaaaaaaaaaa
aaaaaaaa
aaaaaaaa
aaaaaaaa
aaaaaaaa
aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
aaaaaaaaa
aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
aaaaaaaaaaaaaa
aaaaaaaaaaa
aaaaaaaa
aaaaaaaa
|
4. Simplified Style
Aaaaaaaaaaaaa
Aaaaaaaaaa
-------------------------------------------------
aaaaaaaa
aaaaaaaaa
aaaaaaaaa
aaaaaaaaaaaaa
aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
aaaaaaaaaaa
aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
aaaaaaaaa
aaaaaaaaa
|
III. Types of letters
Jenis surat
- Personal letter [
- Business letter [
- Formal letter [
How to make an application letter
There are 3 [three] ways to
send your application letter:
A. by facsimile
If
the company wants to have your application letter by facsimile [fax], you can
go to the public service of communication and ask the officer to send your
letter. You must pay this service for
some money [Rp. 5.000,- - 20.000,-]
B. by email
Communication
technology does much. Use the
internet. You can go to the internet
cafรฉ and pay the rental for about Rp. 3.000 – 5.000,- per hour. You must have your own email address. Never use anyone else’s email address! A flash-disc or compact-disc [CD] will help
you much to save your letter. You just
transfer it into any other file, while operating the internet, and send it to
any companies/places.
C. by airmail/post
Most
local companies use this. You can go to
the post office, send your letter, and pay certain postal service fee [Rp. 5.000,- - Rp. 30.000/envelope]. The envelope should be large size that the
documents inside are NOT folded.
Attached
the documents required, such as:
-your recent photo [black-white
or color]
-copy of your ID card [KTP]
-copy of your latest education
certificate
-copy of your score
recapitulation in your latest education
-copy of your job-experience
report
-copy of any other certificates
concerning with your capabilities
On
the top of the left, just put the position you apply for. Write completely the receiver of your
letter. On the backside of the envelope,
write completely the sender of the letter [you!]
Upside Backside
…position…
To : …receiver/addressee…
…. ……………
….………..…..
|
Sender : ………………
………………
………………
|
Send
your application letter as soon as
possible. Wait for good news and nice
reply in some days.
Contoh surat lamaran [Application Letter]
Letter 1
Bandung, 5 August 2016
The
Personnel Manager
A
Mechanic
Dear
Sirs,
I
am writing this letter to reply your regardful advertisement in KOMPAS, 2 August
2016.
In
this opportunity I would like to get the position of a mechanic. I am 19 years old. I graduated from SMK Merdeka Bandung in
Automotive Department. I speak and
write English well.
Hereby
I enclose:
I
am available to have an interview at any time.
I
am looking forward to hearing from you soon.
Sincerely
Yours,
Asep Suherman
Asep
Suherman
|
Letter 2
Bandung, 20 April 2016
Human
Resource Department
PT.Jaya
Mandiri
A
Technician
Gentlemen,
I
read a vacancy for the position of a technician in Pikiran Rakyat, 17 April
2016 and I am interested in that position.
I
am 20 years of age. I graduated from
SMK Merdeka in Machinary Department. I
have gained some experience in car mechanics.
I would like to continue my carrier in your prosperous company. I can speak and write English well.
Thank
you for your attention. I look forward
to meeting you in the near future.
Please feel free to contact me at my phone number 76767676.
Sincerely,
Ujang Budiman
Ujang
Budiman
|
Contoh Riwayat Hidup [Curriculum Vitae/Resume]
Resume 1
Asep Suherman
Jalan Kiara Condong No.202
Ph.
7878787
___________________________________________________________________________
CAREER
PROGRESSION
A
Mechanic
PT.Adira Mustika
Praktek Kerja Industri [Prakerin], July – October 2015
*Developed
a full cycle of client services
___________________________________________________________________________
EDUCATION
*SMK
Merdeka Bandung, 2012 – 2015,
Certified
Automotive Department
*SMPN
101 Bandung, 2009 – 2012, Certified
___________________________________________________________________________
COMPUTER EXPERTISE
*Word,
Excel, Power Point, Core; Draw
|
Resume 2
Ujang Budiman
Ciamis,
4 January 1996
Single
B
[Blood Group]
169
cm, 60 kg
Moslem
Jalan
Raya Cicaheum No.103
Ph.
7575757
EDUCATION
SDN
Cihargeulis 09 Bandung, 2003 –
2009, Certified
SMPN 99 Bandung, 2009 – 2012, Certified
SMK
Merdeka Bandung, 2012 – 2015, Certified
EXPERIENCE
1. PT.Mobilindo
Abadi Bandung Technician August 2015 – February 2016
2.
PT.Astana Anyar Mobil
Bandung Prakerin August – October 2014
|
Assignment 1
Complete the personal letter below by using your own
words.
Put your complete address and the date you write this
letter.
……………………….
…………………………
……………………….
……………………….
Dear
…………….. ,
How are you? I hope you are ………. My birthday is on ……………… My parents are
going to …………………. for me on that day.
The party begins at …….. o’clock on ………………….. We are having it at …………………………
Can you …………….? Please do.
All of our friends ………………… be here.
There will be much food to eat.
Please write or phone me if
………………………..
Thanks. Bye.
………………………..
.………………………..
|
Assignment 2
- Find out a vacancy advertisement in used
newspapers [koran bekas].
- On a piece of folio paper, make up an application
letter of your own.
- On the other
folio paper , make up your curriculum vitae/resume.
- Put your application letter and curriculum vitae
into the large size envelope. Don’t
forget to write the complete address on the envelope.
– —
Nothing is permanent in this world,
not even our troubles
Unit 24 Numbers
NUMBERS
Numbers = angka, nomor,
bilangan
I. Cardinal Numbers [bilangan pokok: tiga, delapan]
6,821 = six
thousand eight hundred and twenty-one
[British]
six thousand eight hundred
twenty-one [American]
32.09 [English] =
thirty two point 0 nine
32,09 [Indonesian]
My phone number is
7201621 [seven two 0 one six two one]
Please call 7203345 [seven two 0 double three four five]
tens = puluhan
teens = belasan
hundreds =
ratusan
thousands =
ribuan
millions =
jutaan
twenty something = dua puluh sekian
one hundred and something = seratus sekian
two thousand three hundred
and something = dua ribu tiga ratus sekian
unlimited =
tak terhingga
≤ = less than
or equal to
≥ = greater
than or equal to
II. Ordinal Numbers [bilangan urut: ke-satu, ke-tujuh]
1st =
the first
2nd = the second
3rd = the third
4th = the fourth
5th = the
fifth
10th = the tenth
12th = the twelfth
101st = the one hundred and first
III. Fraction [bilangan
pecahan]
1 numerator [pembilang]
___ = one second OR
a half
2 denominator [penyebut]
⅓ = one third OR a third
⅛ = one eighth OR an eighth
¼ = one forth OR a forth OR a quarter
⅔ = two thirds
¾ = three fourths OR three quarters
7 _3_ =
seven and three twelfths
12
0.6
= point six
OR nought point six OR zero point six
4.15
= four point one
five
IV. Power [bilangan pangkat]
8² =
64 eight to the second power is sixty four OR
eight square is sixty four
5³ = 125 five to the third power is one hundred twenty
five OR five cubic is one hundred twenty
five
16³ = … What is
sixteen to the third power?
…raised
to the seventh power = … dipangkatkan tujuh
V. Root [bilangan akar]
√144 The
square root of 144 is 12
³√27 The cubic root of 27 is 3
³√27 The cube root of 27 is 3
√16 What is the square root of 16?
VI. Addition [penjumlahan]
7 +3
= 10 seven
and three are ten
seven plus three is ten
seven
added by three is ten
seven added by
three equals ten
43 +
12 = … what is forty three plus
twelve?
VII. Subtraction [pengurangan]
15 –
4 = 11 fifteen
from four is eleven
fifteen from
four leaves eleven
fifteen minus four
equals eleven
four subtracted
from fifteen is eleven
6 –
4 = … what is six minus four?
VIII. Multiplication [perkalian]
8 X
2 = 16 eight
twos are sixteen
eight times two
is sixteen
eight times two
makes sixteen
eight multiplied
by two equals sixteen
2 X
8 = 16 twice eight makes
sixteen
29
73 X
87
2030 +
2117
Step
1: three times nine makes twenty-seven;
put down seven and carry two. Three
times
two makes six plus two is eight;
put down eight.
Step
2: next line, put down one nought; seven
times nine makes sixty-three; put down three
and carry six. Seven times two makes fourteen; fourteen plus
six is twenty. Put down twenty
Step
3: the addition, seven plus nought is seven; put down seven. Eight plus three is eleven;
Put down one and carry 1. One plus nought is one; put down one; And put down
two.
Step
4: total, two thousand one hundred and
seventeen, OR
two one one seven
IX. Division [pembagian]
8 :
2 = 4 eight divided by two
is four
eight divided by two
equals four
two into eight
goes four
X. Measurement
Temperature
Fahrenheit/Celsius/Centigrade
102ยบ
F =
a temperature of a hundred and two degrees Fahrenheit
Distance
foot meter
1
inch 2.54
centimeters
1
yard 0.9144
meter
1
mile 1.609
kilometers
12
inches 1 foot
3
feet 1
yard
Quantity
1
dozen
12 units
1
baker’s dozen 13
units
1
half dozen 6
units
1
ounce
28.350 grams
1
pound
453.59237 grams
1 US
1
British ton = 2240 pounds 0.1016 metric
ton or 1016 kilograms
1
cup 8 ounces
2
cups 1 pint
4
cups 1 quart
8
cups ½ gallon
16
cups 1 gallon
Fluid
measurement
1
pint 0.568 liter
1
quart 1.136 liters
1
gallon 4.546 liters
Dry
measurement
pint 0.551 liter
quart 8.810 liter
Money
a
penny 1 cent 1c
a
nickel 5 cents 5c
a
dime 10 cents 10c
a
quarter 25 cents 25c
half
dollar 50 cents 50c
a
dollar 100 cents 100c
100 a [one]
hundred
1,000 a [one]
thousand
1,000,000 a
[one] million
1,000,000,000 a [one] billion / one
thousand million
1,000,000,000,000 a [one] trillion /
one million million
Time
60
seconds 1
minute
60
minutes 1 hour
24
hours 1 day
Noon 12:00
midday
Midnight 24:00 in the
night
Morning : 6 a.m. to noon
Afternoon : noon to 6 p.m.
Evening : 6 p.m. to 10 p.m.
Night : 10 p.m. to 6 a.m.
30minutes : half an hour /
thirty minutes
07:10 : seven ten /
ten [minutes] past seven
07:15 : a quarter past seven / a
quarter after seven
07:30 : seven thirty /
thirty [minutes] past seven
/ a half past seven
07:38 : seven thirty eight /
twenty two to eight
07:45 : seven forty five / a
quarter to eight
08:00
: eight o’clock
fortnight = two weeks
My
birthday is on the second of January
/ My birthday is on January the
second. [2nd January]
1999 nineteen ninety-nine
1608 sixteen o eight
1700 seventeen hundred
2000 two thousand
2011 two thousand and eleven
2017 twenty seventeen
[taken from Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary,7th
ed., 2008]
Average
seasonal weather in the US
Spring March 21 to
June 20 [temperate]
Summer June 21 to
September 20 [hot]
Autumn
[fall] September 21 to December 20
[cool]
Winter December 21
to March 20 [cold]
twice 100
becomes 200
three
times 100
becomes 300
half
as much 100 becomes
50
twice
as much 100 becomes 200
half
as much again 100 becomes 150
half
off 100
becomes 50
third
off 100 becomes 66.66
10%
off 100
becomes 90
per
hour $ 100
for 6 hours becomes $ 600
per
day $ 100
for 3 days becomes $ 300
Assignment
1
Practice saying these operations.
1. 23 -
10 =
…
2. 35.879.545 +
505 = …
3. 11 X
4 = …
4. 3³ = …
5. 0,7 +
3,5 = …
6. 4 +
5 = …
3 9
7. 78 ≤ A ≥
90, A =
…
8.
The weather in Jakarta
9. I will go out at 11:25 and be back
at 02:50.
10. Are 2 ½ hours enough for you to do
this kind of exam?
– —
If you want to conquer fear, don’t think about
yourself.
Try to help others, and your fear will vanish. [Dale Carnegie]
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