Unit 1: Pronoun

                                              PRONOUN

Pronoun   =  kata ganti benda, baik benda konkrit maupun benda abstrak

I. Definite Pronouns [kata ganti benda tertentu]

Subjective Pronoun	Objective Pronoun	Possessive Pronoun	Possessive Adjective	Reflexive Pronoun
I You We You They He She It	me you us you them him her it	mine yours ours yours theirs his hers its	my your our your their his her its	myself yourself ourselves yourselves themselves himself herself itself

a. Subjective Pronoun

Kata ganti benda yang menempati posisi sebagai subyek kalimat.

1. My father is a doctor.  He works in Borromeus Hospital.
2. Tommy and I always go to school on foot early in the morning.  We never come late.
3. I have three cats.  They are white, brown, and black.
4. I felt a deep sadness.  It made me hopeless to do anything.

b. Objective Pronoun

Kata ganti benda yang menempati posisi sebagai obyek kalimat

1. John was appointed to a position of trust.  Anyone who gets it has a job involving a lot of responsibility, because people trust him
2. Tommy, Asep, and I will go to Medan at 1.  Budi, take us to the airport, please!

3.    Some of my friends gave me a ticket.

                                                     A       B

       A= indirect object,   B= direct object

c. Possessive Pronoun

Kata ganti benda yang menempati posisi sebagai pemilik atas benda yang telah disebut.

1. The white car which is parked over there is mine.
2. The house near the bank is his.
3. Sorry, I don’t know that the belt is yours.

d. Possessive Adjective

Penjelas kata benda mengenai kepemilikan atas benda tersebut.

1. Tommy lived alone because his parents went to Denpasar for some days.
2. Satria and Asep always go to school by bus as their school is very far .
3. I put my dictionary in the drawer.

e. Reflexive Pronoun

1. Sebagai obyek langsung [direct object]

                ŒSusan saw herself in the mirror.

       

2. Sebagai obyek tak langsung [indirect object]

                ŒRudi gave himself a new motorbike as a birthday present.                                                                                                                                                           

3. Sebagai obyek sesudah kata depan [prepositional object]

                ŒBu Ririn Wuriani laughed at herself when she realized her silly mistake.                       

                Tell me about yourself.

                                                                                                                                      

4. Sebagai penekanan [emphasis] atau perhatian lebih [special attention] terhadap subyek/obyek yang dibicarakan.

                ŒThe house itself was not too bad.

                We met the president himself.

                ŽThe government’s new regulations are for the benefit of the people themselves.

5. Sebagai penekanan [emphasis] terhadap subyek pelaku utama.

                ŒBu Priyani does the cooking and washing [by] herself.

                Pak Dede Suwanto was sitting by himself in the cafetaria.

II. Demonstrative Pronouns [kata ganti benda untuk menunjuk sesuatu]

Type	Demonstrative Pronoun	Demonstrative Adjective
Singular [berjumlah tunggal]	-This is my pen -That is Hasan’s car	-This pen is mine -That car is Hasan’s
Plural [berjumlah banyak]	-These are Ana’s books -Those are beautiful girls	-These houses are expensive -Those students are clever

Assignment 1

Read the following text attentively and answer the questions below.

ROBERT  WOLTER  MONGINSIDI

1          Malayang is a small village east of Manado, North Sulawesi.  This quiet and peaceful village

     is inhabited by the Bantik tribe who make a living from coconut farm.  Just like the people of other

     villages, they lived in a poor condition.  One of the people who lived in such a condition was Petrus

     Monginsidi.

5          The Monginsidis had eight children consisting of four sons and four daughters. Robert Wolter  

     Monginsidi  who was born on 14 February 1925 was the third child.  The little Monginsidi was a

     handsome, brilliant boy and used to be the best student at school.  People called him Bote as his

     family did.

            Having finished his studies at HIS, an elementary school during the Dutch occupation, Bote

10 continued his studies at MULO.  When he was in the second grade in 1941, the Pacific War broke

     out. This forced him to discontinue his schooling.  Nevertheless he read many kinds of books

     himself  so that Bote managed to speak several foreign languages including English, Dutch,

     French, and German.

1. What does the word ‘this’ in paragraph 1 line 1  refer to?
2. What does the word ‘they’ in paragraph 1 line 3 refer to?
3. What does the word ‘him’ in paragraph 2 line 7 refer to?
4. …his studies at …[paragraph 3 line 1].  What does the word ‘his’ refer  to?

Assignment 2

Complete the sentences by using an appropriate reflexive pronoun

1. I can’t help you.  You’ll  have to solve your problem by …
2. Anna did not join the rest of us.  She sat in the back of the room by …
3. You may think he is telling the truth but I … don’t believe him.
4. Now that their children are grown, bapak and ibu Acep Sukmana live by …
5. It is important for all of us to be honest with …

III. Indefinite Pronouns [kata ganti benda tak tentu]

Singular [tunggal/satu]

Plural [banyak]

1. all [semua benda uncountable noun] a. He has lost all his money b. You’ve had all the fun and I’ve had all the hard work. c. All I need is you. 2. any/some [beberapa benda uncountable noun] a. She spent hardly any of the money b. There is some more wine in the kitchen, isn’t there? 3. each [masing-masing] a. Susan is rich.  She puts a ring on each finger. b. Many children are coming to the birthday party. Each will get a present from the host. 4. every [masing-masing] a. I could hear every word they said. 5. none [tidak ada] a. I wanted some string but there was none in the house. b. None of these pens works. 6. nothing [tidak ada] a. There is nothing you can do to help me. b. I’m sorry, I have nothing for you. 7. either [pilihan, salah satu dari dua benda] a. You can park on either side of the street. b. Does either of your grandparents often visit you? 8. neither [pilihan, tidak satupun dari dua benda] a. They produce two reports, neither of which contains any concrete suggestions b. Neither John nor Asep could comfort me 9. the one / one [seseorang, sesuatu] a. Bu Awang is the only one who tried to help me. b. Which t-shirt do you like, the black one or  the yellow one? 10. everyone [setiap orang] a. Tommy is very popular. Everyone knows him. 11. someone / anyone [seseorang] a. Look! Someone is walking on the rope. b. Do you know anyone in this area? 12. something / anything [sesuatu] a. He knows that I’m hiding something in my bag b. Do you have anything to eat? 13. everything [segalanya, semuanya] a. He says that you’re everything for him. 14. another [satu yang lain] a. I don’t like this room.  Let’s ask for another. b. We’ve had many letters like this; another of them came today 15. [the] other [sisa satu antara dua/beberapa] a. Hold the bottle and pull the cork out with the other hand. b. He raised one arm and then the other

16. all [semua benda countable noun] a. All horses are animals but not all animals are horses b. All five men are hard workers 17. any/some [beberapa benda countable noun] a. I need some stamps.  Have you got any? b. If you put some pictures on the wall, the room will look brighter. 18. both [benda berjumlah dua] a. There are shops on both sides of the street b. Both these books are expensive 19. the ones [sekelompok benda/orang] a. Students who do well in examinations are often the ones who ask questions in class 20. [the] others [sisa yang lain, banyak] a. I went swimming while others played tennis b. I can’t do questions 4 and 5 but I’ve done the others.

Assignment 3

Supply other, others, the other, the others, another appropriately in the following.

1. Look at your hand.  There is a total of five fingers.  One is your thumb.  … is your index finger.  … one is your middle finger.  … finger is your ring finger.  And … finger [the last of the five] is your little finger. 
2. Look at your hands.  One is your right hand. … is your left hand.
3. I got three letters.  One was from my father.  … one was from my sister.  … letter was from my girlfriend.
4. I invited five people to my party.  Out of those five people, only Dedi and Apip can come.  … can’t come.
5. It’s a long trip.  I’m getting tired of riding in the car but we still have … two hundred miles to go.

Assignment 4

Supply the appropriate pronouns for the blanks and choose the correct singular or plural verb in parentheses..

1. Anyone can learn how to dance if ____    ______  [wants/want] to.
2. A dog makes a good pet if ____   _____ [is/are] properly trained.
3. The young couple _____  [has/have] saved enough money to make a down-payment on ____ own house.
4. The office staff _____  [is/are] planning to give _____ boss a gold watch.
5. A basketball team _____  [is/are] relatively small.   _____   ______ [doesn’t/don’t] have as many members as a baseball team.

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The secret happiness is not in doing what one likes, but in liking what one has to do.

[Sir James Matthew Barrie]