Unit 19 Adverb Clause

                                            ADVERB  CLAUSE

An adverb may be a single word such as quickly, here or yesterday  or a phrase such as the day before yesterday or to see my mother.  However, adverbs can also be a clause, containing a subject and a full verb.

A clause is a group of words that includes a subject and a verb. A clause can play a variety of roles in sentences. A clause can act as a noun, an adjective, or an adverb. Adverb clauses usually modify verbs by telling the place, time, cause, and purpose of an action. They can also show concession and condition. Basically they answer the questions: where?, when?, why?, how?, and under what conditions? 

Adverb clauses may begin with a subordinating conjunction [how, when, where, whether, and why]. Subordinating conjunctions introduce clauses and express their relation to the rest of the sentence.

Clauses can be classified as:

A.  Independent clause [main clauses] are called sentences as they can stand alone and express a complete thought.

-Bu Dwi Retno ate a cheese roll after she watched the news.

               (Bu Dwi Retno ate a cheese roll is an independent clause. It works as a standalone sentence.)

-Even though his mother was a driving instructor, my cousin failed his driving test six times.

B.  Dependent clause [subordinate clause] is subordinate to something else that cannot stand on its own, but need a clause to help it make sense or to help it complete a thought. An adverbial clause is a dependent clause that functions as an adverb. This means it is usually a supporting part of a sentence and cannot stand alone as meaningful sentence in its own right.

-Because Johnson has a college degree, he was given a great job.

-When the storm started, Susan was at the store.

-Pak Aceng Abdullah wore the coat that I gave him.

Compare: 1. Johnson behaved strangely. [adverb]

                 2. Johnson behaved in a peculiar way. [adverb phrase]

                 3. Johnson behaved as if he were afraid. [adverb clause]

Compare:  1. Bu Kartikawati goes there. [adverb of place]

                    2. Bu Kartikawati goes to pak Sutisna’s house. [adverb phrase]

                    3. Bu Kartikawati goes wherever she likes. [adverb clause]

Types of Adverb Clause	Common Subordinating Conjunctions	Function of the clause	Example
Time	when, before, after, since, while, as, as long as, till, until, etc.;	Say when something happens by referring to a period or point of time, or to another event.	-Her goldfish died when she was young. -He came after night had fallen. -As I was walking home, it began to rain. -I haven’t seen  pak Suryana since he left this morning. -We stayed there until we finished our work. -As soon as it stops raining, we will leave.    -While sitting in class, Johnson fell asleep. -Pointing to the sentence on the board, pak Taufik explained Adverb Clause.
condition	if, unless, whether,	Talk about a possible or counterfactual situation and its consequences.	-If they lose weight during an illness, they soon regain it afterwards. ·         -Whether or not we’re successful, we can be sure that we did our best. ·         -If you see bu Yeyet, give her this note. ·         -Unless something unexpected happens, I’ll see you tomorrow. -I will come tomorrow if I have enough time. -Unless it rains, the party will be held outside. -Johnson can go to school only if he gets a scholarship. -You’d better leave now; otherwise, you will be late for class.
purpose	so that, in order that	Indicate the purpose of an action.	-They had to take some of his land so that they could extend the church yard. ·         -Bu Pipih Sopiah worked hard in order that everything would be ready in time. -She took a computer course so that she could get a better job. ·         -So that he would not ruin the carpet, he took off his shoes.
Reason	because, since, as	Indicate the reason for something.	-I couldn't feel anger against him because I liked him too much. - Since bu Wiwin Kartika is not interested in music, she decided not to take the music course.
concession	although, though, while	Make two statements, one of which contrasts with the other or makes it seem surprising.	-I used to read a lot although I don't get much time for books now. -Although it was cold, pak Susan Setiawan went swimming. -Johnson is clever but his younger brother is stupid. -Pak Ikhsan Nugraha wasn’t tired; nevertheless, he went to bed. -Whereas Johnson is rich, Si Fulan is poor.
Place	where, wherever, anywhere, everywhere, etc.	Talk about the location or position of something.	-Wherever there is music, people will often dance.  -Let’s go to the room where they asked us to wait.   The building is very old.  Bu Fetty Sri lives in that building. ® The building where she lives is very old ® The building in which she lives is very old ® The building which she lives in is very old. ® The building that she lives in is very old  ® The building she lives in is very old
comparison	as...as, than, as	State comparison of a skill, size or amount, etc.	-Johnson can speak English as fluently as his teacher. -Bu Yeti Rusmiati is a better cook than I. -A vacuum is a hell of a lot better than some of the stuff that nature replaces it with. -He is as smart as his brother is. -Si Fulan is not so bright as he thinks he is. -You are taller than I.[This is permissible] -You are taller than I am.[This is the full version] -You are taller than me.[This is the colloquial version]
manner	as, like, the way	Talk about someone's behavior or the way something is done.	-Pak Alan Syahrul was never allowed to do things as he wanted to. ·         -He acts like it is a joke. ·         -You talk at me the way a teacher talks to a naughty student.
results	so...that, such...that	Indicate the result(s) of an act or event.	-My suitcase had become so damaged that the lid would not stay closed. - It was such hot coffee that pak Sumarlin couldn’t drink it - I’m so hungry that I eat much. - I did not study; therefore, I failed the test.

Assignment 1

Complete the following using the correct conjunction.

1. Last night I went to bed … I did my homework.

2. … the heavy traffic, we were late to the meeting

3. …bu Mega Kartika was watching TV last night, the phone rang.

4. Si Fulan didn’t pass the test… he studied hard.

5. Bu Nenden Naila was starving … there was nothing to eat.   

        

Assignment 2                        

Choose the correct answer

1. My sisters put their money in the bank …I work.

   A. whom                                                             C. who

   B. which                                                             D. where  

2. Johnson : Tom, what do you think how Miss Purple is?

    Tommy : I think she is a very good girl … she is beautiful and rich, she is never conceit to another.

A.      since                                                          C. however

B.      unless                                                        D. although

3. Mother              : Will Johnson be punished?

    Father                 : Yes, … he apologizes

A.      when                                                         C. unless

B.      because                                                    D. if

4. After the … , bu Ririn Wuriani will go to Europe.

    A. preparatory                                                  C. preparefullness

    B. preparations                                                D. preparements

5. Mother              : Where is my purse, Johnson?  I forget where I put it.  I need some money to pay for.

    Father                 : What did your mother ask you, Johnson?

    Mary                  : She asked me … ?                                                                            

A.      where her purse was                               C. where is her purse

B.      where my purse was                              D. where was my purse

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Every day we have the choice to live fully. 

Positive attitude, after all, is everything to enjoy every single moment in life.